Summary
Our universe’s shortest algorithm has 3 lines and computes all possible universes, not just ours.
To predict we need more: a plausible prior measure
1. Weak assumption on this measure: the universe is sampled from a formally describable prior. Then futures with lots of randomness and without short descriptions are necessarily unlikely. Occam!
2. Stronger assumption: the universe is deterministic a la Zuse and created under resource constraints reflected by the Speed Prior. Then much stronger nontraditional predictions about beta decay etc. Let us test them!
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